12 articles
Lineages
Clans, dynasties, tribes and houses.
- Are minimal Ruling house of the Yenisei Kirghiz, named for their word for the lord. Its holder broke the Uyghur khaganate in 840, and the Tang court entered him in the register of the imperial clan.
- Ashide Göktürk clan of the Tang frontier. Two of its chiefs raised Nishufu in 679, Ashide Yuanzhen commanded Ilterish's army from 682, and Tonyukuk is given to it by identification with Yuanzhen.
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Ashina The dynasty of Bumin and Istemi, whose eastern and western branches ruled the Göktürk khaganates. Its princes founded empires, served the Tang and restored Göktürk rule in 682. - Duan minimal The Xianbei house of Liaoxi, between the Murong and the Chinese frontier. Allied with the Jin and then destroyed by the Murong in the 330s.
- Fufuluo minimal Clan of the Gaoche, the tenth of their twelve. Its chief Afuzhiluo led the Gaoche out of the Rouran khaganate in 487 and founded their kingdom north-west of Gaochang.
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Luandi The royal clan of the Xiongnu. Every chanyu named in the sources belonged to it, and the later Chinese histories give its name in two forms that do not agree. - Murong The Xianbei house that broke Buyeo and Goguryeo in the fourth century and ruled northern China as the Yan states. The Tuyuhun branched off from it.
- Qifu minimal The Xianbei house that founded the Western Qin in Gansu in 385 and held it, with one interruption, until 431.
- Tufa minimal The Xianbei house that founded the Southern Liang in 397. Its name is held to be the same word as Tuoba, in a different Chinese spelling.
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Yaglakar minimal Chief of the ten sub-tribes of the Uyghurs, and the house from which the Khans came until 795. -
Yujiulü Ruling house of the Rouran Khaganate, from Shelun, who took the title khan about 400, to Anagui, who died in 552. Named by the Wei Shu after a bald slave called Mugulü. -
Yuwen minimal The Xianbei house of the north-east, broken by the Murong in 344. The imperial house of the Northern Zhou two centuries later claimed descent from it.
