About the Turkic Atlas

What it covers

The main subject is the Göktürk khaganates and the realms that followed them:

• First Göktürk Khaganate, 552–630, including the western half
• Western Göktürk Khaganate, to 657
• Tang overlordship, 630–682
• Second Göktürk Khaganate, 682–744
• Uyghur Khaganate, 744–840
• Yenisei Kirghiz, 840 to about 924

Before them come the Xiongnu, the Huns, the Xianbei and the Rouran. They are covered in full, at less depth than the main subject.

Around all of it stand the powers the steppe dealt with: the dynasties of northern China, Sasanian Persia, Byzantium, Sogdiana, the Caucasus and Korea. They are covered where they touch the main subject.

How it is written

Three rules:

1. Nothing is asserted that a source does not carry. Where the sources say nothing, the article says so. The Mysteries register lists every such place.
2. A compilation is not a second witness. If three histories agree because two copy the third, that counts as one attestation. Each source article records what it copies from, and the source list at the foot of an article shows it in brackets.
3. A reconstruction is not a fact. Where scholars disagree, both readings stand in the text and the footnote says whose they are. See Disputed and Competing dates.

The articles are written in English first. The menus, the registers, the year pages, the chronologies and the search are available in English, Turkish, German, Spanish and Japanese, and a number of articles are available in all five languages.

Translations exist for 1126 of 1126 articles (Turkish 1126, German 1022, Spanish 304, Japanese 1022). Where a version is missing, the English article opens and is marked as English.

How to check it

Every article ends with the same blocks:

References

The numbered footnotes. Each number in the text leads to one.

Sources

The primary works used, with chapter numbers. A bracket such as (after Zhou Shu and Sui Shu) means that work copies those two.

Literature

The scholarship used. It is not named in the running text.

Related · What links here

Articles chosen as the next step, and every article that mentions this one.

Cite this article

A citation with the date of last review.

The Evidence map shows which article rests on which source. How to use this site explains the rest.

What is here

• 1,126 articles in 14 categories
• 99 source works, each with its own article
• 35,214 footnotes
• 523 dated entries in the Steppe Chronology
• 3,868 open questions in Disputed
• 910 recorded silences of the sources
• 1,126 articles also in Turkish, German, Spanish and Japanese

Counted anew at every build.

Who makes it

Written and edited by Emre-E. Yavuz; see The Editor. Corrections and proposals go in the Suggestion book.