Who ruled
- Southern Xiongnu Bi Chanyu 48–56
And beyond the steppe
- China Eastern Han Emperor Guangwu 25–57
Eastern steppe
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A succession struggle divides the Xiongnu into a northern and a southern confederation; the southern falls under Han control
Xiongnu · Xiongnu split of 48 · Southern Xiongnu
One reckoning puts the split in the middle of the first century; a second names Huduershi, 48 to 56, for the northern revival
