Map of East Asia in 133 BC: the Xiongnu under Junchen with the Ordos and the Hexi corridor, their subjects from the Tarim to the Wuhuan, the Yuezhi on the Ili, the Han, and the march of the chanyu towards Mayi, where three hundred thousand Han lie in ambush, and his withdrawal
133 BC: The Han hide three hundred thousand men around the frontier town of Mayi and offer the town to the chanyu Junchen. He comes over the border with a hundred thousand horse, sees the cattle grazing unattended a hundred li short of the town, learns of the ambush from a captured officer and turns back. The heqin settlement ends, and sixty years of open war begin. Modern map; the road of the chanyu is drawn, and the borders in the steppe are approximate.
Plate IV in the Atlas → © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Western Han Emperor Wu 141 BC–87 BC

China