Who ruled
- Xiongnu Bagatur (Modu Chanyu) 209 BC–174 BC
And beyond the steppe
- China Western Han Emperor Gaozu 202 BC–195 BC
China
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Modu besieges the Han emperor Gaozu at Baideng; the first heqin marriage and yearly gifts follow
Xiongnu · Bagatur (Modu Chanyu) · Siege of Baideng · Heqin
One account gives the siege at length; a second has Modu nearly capture Gaozu