Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Northern Wei Emperor Xuanwu 499–515
  • Iran Sasanian Kavad I 498–531
  • Korea Goguryeo Munja 491–519
  • Byzantium Leonid Anastasius I 491–518

Eastern steppe

  • Futu sends Wuliuba to the Wei asking for peace and is refused; refused again in 508

    Futu Khan · Northern Wei

Western steppe

  • Culture · Sogdian colonists found the first towns of Semirech'e, Suyab and Navaket among them, as estates of nobles (450–600)

    Suyab · Sogdians