Who ruled
- Rouran Khaganate Tulun Khan 485–492 · Nagai Khan 492–506
And beyond the steppe
- China Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen 471–499
- Iran Sasanian Kavad I 488–496
- Korea Goguryeo Munja 491–519
- Byzantium Leonid Anastasius I 491–518
Eastern steppe
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Beaten repeatedly by Afuzhiluo, Tulun is killed with his mother by his own people, who make his uncle Nagai khan
