Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Tang Xuanzong 712–756
  • Iran Umayyad Hisham 724–743
  • Korea Silla Hyoseong 737–742 · Gyeongdeok 742–765
  • Byzantium Isaurian Constantine V 741–775

Eastern steppe

  • Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

  • Basmïl · Ozmish Khan · Second Göktürk Khaganate · Tang