And beyond the steppe
- China Tang Wenzong 827–840
- Iran Abbasid al-Ma'mun 813–833 · al-Mu'tasim 833–842
- Korea Silla Later Silla 780–930
- Byzantium Amorian Theophilos 829–842
Eastern steppe
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Environment · Central Mongolia turns drier, by the lake record, and stays so to 1300; the droughts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (700–1300)
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Environment · Persistent drought in the Orkhon country through the last Uyghur decades, by the tree rings (783–850)
Climate and the steppe empires · Uyghur Khaganate
From the tree-ring record of the Uyghur period
Arabia and the caliphate
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The caliphs raise guard regiments of Turkic soldiers and settle them at Samarra; within two generations the regiments make and unmake caliphs
