Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Tang Wenzong 827–840
  • Iran Abbasid al-Mu'tasim 833–842
  • Korea Silla Later Silla 780–930
  • Byzantium Amorian Theophilos 829–842

Eastern steppe

  • Uyghur Khaganate

  • Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

  • Climate and the steppe empires · Uyghur Khaganate

    From the tree-ring record of the Uyghur period