Map of East Asia from 209 to 200 BC: the Xiongnu under Bagatur from the Ordos to Lake Baikal, the Wuhuan, Dingling and Gekun as their subjects, the campaigns against the Donghu, the Yuezhi and the northern peoples, the Han in China and the siege of Baideng
209–200 BC: Bagatur (Modu Chanyu) kills his father Duman and becomes chanyu. He destroys the king of the Donghu, drives back the Yuezhi, retakes the land Meng Tian had seized as far as Chaona and Fushi, and subjects the Dingling, the Gekun and the other peoples of the north; the Wuhuan pay him tribute. In 200 BC he surrounds the Han emperor Gaozu at Baideng near Pingcheng. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the borders in the steppe are approximate.
Plate II in the Atlas → © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Qin Er Shi 210 BC–207 BC

Eastern steppe

  • Modu kills his father Duman and becomes Chanyu of the Xiongnu

    Xiongnu · Duman (Touman) · Bagatur (Modu Chanyu)

  • Technology · Twenty-four leaders of ten thousand each, subdivided on decimal lines: the Xiongnu military order that later steppe states copied

    Xiongnu

    Military organisation rather than a tool; the Shiji names commanders of 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000