Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Northern Wei Emperor Taiwu 423–452
  • Iran Sasanian Bahram V 420–438
  • Korea Goguryeo Jangsu 413–491
  • Byzantium Theodosian Theodosius II 408–450

Eastern steppe

  • Wuti Khan · Northern Wei · Yujiulü

Western steppe

  • Rua · Bleda · Attila

    Also dated 436 (a second reckoning, after the church historian Theodoret): Theodoret implies a date after the end of 435.