Who ruled
- Rouran Khaganate Yucheng Khan 464–485
And beyond the steppe
- China Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen 471–499
- Iran Sasanian Peroz I 459–484
- Korea Goguryeo Jangsu 413–491
- Byzantium Leonid Zeno 474–491
Eastern steppe
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Yucheng asks the Wei for a marriage and is refused with a lecture in the rites
