Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Northern Wei Emperor Xianwen 465–471
  • Iran Sasanian Peroz I 459–484
  • Korea Goguryeo Jangsu 413–491
  • Byzantium Leonid Leo I 457–474

Eastern steppe

  • Economy · A merchant dies near Hohhot with his goods, Byzantine and Sasanian silver cups and a gold coin of Leo I

    Sogdians

  • The emperor Xianwen defeats Yucheng at the Nü river with fifty thousand dead and renames it the Wuchuan

    Yucheng Khan · Northern Wei

Western steppe

  • Culture · Sogdian colonists found the first towns of Semirech'e, Suyab and Navaket among them, as estates of nobles (450–600)

    Suyab · Sogdians

Tarim and Sogdiana

  • Culture · Towns founded and walls built in Sogdiana under the Kidarites: Panjikent, Paikent, Bukhara; the citadel of Samarkand raised (440–470)

    Sogdiana · Samarkand · Paikent · Bukhara