Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Tang Xuanzong 712–756
  • Iran Umayyad Hisham 724–743
  • Korea Silla Seongdeok 702–737
  • Byzantium Isaurian Leo III 717–741

Eastern steppe

  • Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

  • Bilge Khan inscription · Bilge Khan

    Also dated 732 (one modern chronology): The inscription itself dates the funeral to the fifth month of the Pig year, 735 by Thomsen's equation, and most scholarship gives 735.