Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen 471–499
  • Iran Sasanian Balash 484–488
  • Korea Goguryeo Jangsu 413–491
  • Byzantium Leonid Zeno 474–491

Eastern steppe

  • Afuzhiluo leads more than a hundred thousand tents of Gaoche out of the Rouran khaganate and founds a kingdom north-west of Gaochang

    Gaoche secession (487) · Afuzhiluo · Tulun Khan · Tiele

    Also dated 492 (Wei Shu, Rouran chapter): tells the secession under the Wei campaign of 492.

Western steppe

  • Culture · Sogdian colonists found the first towns of Semirech'e, Suyab and Navaket among them, as estates of nobles (450–600)

    Suyab · Sogdians