Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Northern Wei Emperor Taiwu 423–452
  • Iran Sasanian Yazdegerd II 438–457
  • Korea Goguryeo Jangsu 413–491
  • Byzantium Theodosian Theodosius II 408–450

Tarim and Sogdiana

  • Culture · Towns founded and walls built in Sogdiana under the Kidarites: Panjikent, Paikent, Bukhara; the citadel of Samarkand raised (440–470)

    Sogdiana · Samarkand · Paikent · Bukhara

Byzantium

  • The Huns take Naissus, the birthplace of Constantine, with siege engines; the city lies desolate until Justinian

    Siege of Naissus · Naissus · Attila's Balkan wars

    Also dated 443 (a second reckoning): The Huns rode up the Morava to Naissus after taking Ratiaria, once a one-year truce had broken down. Also dated 447 (a third reckoning, which leaves the choice between 442 and 447 open): The account of Priscus gives no year.