Who ruled
- Byzantium Heraclius 610–641
- First Göktürk Khaganate Shibi Khan 609–619
- Western Göktürk Khaganate Shegui Khan 611–619
And beyond the steppe
- China Sui Emperor Yang 604–618
- Iran Sasanian Khosrow II 591–628
- Korea Goguryeo Yeongyang 590–618
- Byzantium Heraclian Heraclius 610–641
Eastern steppe
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Environment · Late Antique Little Ice Age: the cold phase the Altai tree rings define from 536 to about 660 (536–660)
Climate and the steppe empires · First Göktürk Khaganate · Avars
The coldest decade in the Altai is the 540s
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Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)
China
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eighth month · Shibi besieges the Sui emperor at Yanmen and withdraws when the relief armies come up; from this year the khaganate sends the Sui no tribute
Shibi Khan · Yanmen · First Göktürk Khaganate · Sui · Hegemony Wars in Northern China · The siege of Yanmen, 615
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Pei Ju lures Shishu Huxi, Shibi's trusted adviser, to a pretended market below Mayi and has him killed; Shibi stops coming to court
