Who ruled
- Byzantium Heraclius 610–641
- First Göktürk Khaganate Shibi Khan 609–619
- Western Göktürk Khaganate Shegui Khan 611–619 · Tong Yabgu 618–630
And beyond the steppe
Eastern steppe
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Environment · Late Antique Little Ice Age: the cold phase the Altai tree rings define from 536 to about 660 (536–660)
Climate and the steppe empires · First Göktürk Khaganate · Avars
The coldest decade in the Altai is the 540s
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Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)
Western steppe
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Tong Yabgu gives the kings of the western countries the title of ilteber and sets a tudun over them to supervise them and press in the revenue
Tong Yabgu · Tudun · Ilteber · Western Göktürk Khaganate · Sogdiana
The Xin Tang Shu gives the arrangement in its account of Tong Yabgu's reign without a year of its own.
China
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Economy · The Tang cavalry grows from five thousand horses to more than seven hundred thousand, supplied by the Göktürks (618–650)
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Li Yuan founds the Tang
