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Years · 7th century

638

Year of the dog it yıl

3 entries in Eastern steppe and China.

Map of Asia in 638: the western Göktürk khaganate divided at the Ili between the Nushibi under Ishbara Tolis Khan and the Duolu under Yukuk Shad, with the Xueyantuo, the Tang and the Caliphate — 638: The Duolu tribes raise Yukuk Shad as khan against Ishbara Tolis. The western khaganate is divided at the Ili: the Nushibi in the west, the Duolu in the east. Modern map; the border away from the river is drawn, not recorded.

Who ruled

Byzantium Heraclius 610–641
Western Göktürk Khaganate Ishbara Tolis Khan 634–639 · Üç Tuğlu Khan 638–642
Xueyantuo Khaganate (Syr Tardush) Yinan Khan 628–645

And beyond the steppe

China Tang Taizong 626–649
Iran Sasanian Yazdegerd III 632–651 · Rashidun Umar 634–644
Korea Goguryeo Yeongnyu 618–642
Byzantium Heraclian Heraclius 610–641

Eastern steppe

Environment · Late Antique Little Ice Age: the cold phase the Altai tree rings define from 536 to about 660 (536–660)

Climate and the steppe empires · First Göktürk Khaganate · Avars

The coldest decade in the Altai is the 540s
Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)

Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

China

Economy · The Tang cavalry grows from five thousand horses to more than seven hundred thousand, supplied by the Göktürks (618–650)

Sogdians