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Years · 7th century

681

Year of the snake yılan yıl

2 entries in Eastern steppe and China.

Map of northern China and the steppe, 679 to 681: the Göktürks of the Ordos and of Yunzhong in revolt, Pei Xingjian's marches from Chang'an to Black Mountain and into the west against Ashina Duzhi, Funian raised at Xiazhou, numbered in the order of events — 679–681: In 679 the Göktürks of the Chanyu protectorate raise Nishufu as khan, and twenty-four prefectures rise with them. Pei Xingjian beats them at Black Mountain in 680, and Nishufu is killed by his own men. Funian, raised next at Xiazhou, surrenders to Pei Xingjian in 681 and is beheaded at Chang'an. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded.

Who ruled

The Göktürk interregnum, 630–682 Ashina Funian 680–681

And beyond the steppe

China Tang Gaozong 649–683
Iran Umayyad Yazid I 680–683
Korea Silla Munmu 668–681 · Sinmun 681–692
Byzantium Heraclian Constantine IV 668–685

Eastern steppe

Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)

Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

China

The Ashide chiefs fetch Ashina Funian, a nephew of Ilig, to Xiazhou to make him khan; Pei Xingjian breaks the rising, and Funian is beheaded in Chang'an the next year (680–681)

Second Göktürk Khaganate · Ilterish Khan · Tang