Map of Asia in 721: Tonyukuk takes Beiting and raids Liangzhou, the revolt of the six counties in the Ordos
721: Tonyukuk takes Beiting before the Basmïl and strips Liangzhou of its herds. The six counties of the Ordos revolt. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded.
Plate LXI in the Atlas → © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Tang Xuanzong 712–756
  • Iran Umayyad Yazid II 720–724
  • Korea Silla Seongdeok 702–737
  • Byzantium Isaurian Leo III 717–741

Eastern steppe

Western steppe

China

  • Sogdians · Ordos

  • Bilge Khan · Second Göktürk Khaganate · Tang