Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Tang Taizong 626–649
  • Iran Sasanian Yazdegerd III 632–651 · Rashidun Umar 634–644
  • Korea Goguryeo Bojang 642–668
  • Byzantium Heraclian Constans II 641–668

Eastern steppe

China

  • Sogdians

  • Sogdians