Who ruled
- Second Göktürk Khaganate Kapgan Khan 691–716
And beyond the steppe
- China Tang Wu Zetian 690–705
- Iran Umayyad Abd al-Malik 685–705
- Korea Silla Hyoso 692–702
- Byzantium Leontios 695–698 · Tiberios III 698–705
Eastern steppe
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Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)
China
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Empress Wu hands Kapgan the surrendered households of the six prefectures of the Ordos, forty thousand bushels of seed and three thousand farming tools; the Tang history calls it the source of his strength
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Kapgan rejects the Wu bridegroom, leads a hundred thousand men into Hebei, takes Zhaozhou and Dingzhou and withdraws with eighty or ninety thousand captives
