Who ruled
- First Göktürk Khaganate Yami Khan 603–609 · Shibi Khan 609–619
- Western Göktürk Khaganate Heshana Khan 603–611
And beyond the steppe
- China Sui Emperor Yang 604–618
- Iran Sasanian Khosrow II 591–628
- Korea Goguryeo Yeongyang 590–618
- Byzantium Phocas 602–610
Eastern steppe
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Environment · Late Antique Little Ice Age: the cold phase the Altai tree rings define from 536 to about 660 (536–660)
Climate and the steppe empires · First Göktürk Khaganate · Avars
The coldest decade in the Altai is the 540s
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Environment · Lake Telmen stands 4.8 metres above its present level, a humid phase before the drying that follows (600–700)
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Yami dies; his son Shibi succeeds
Tarim and Sogdiana
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Yangdi receives the king of Gaochang, the tudun shad of Yiwu and the envoys of twenty-seven western states at Mount Yanzhi
