Map of the Göktürk civil war, 587 to 588: Tardush in the west, Niri in Apa's following between the Tian Shan and the Khangai, the eastern khaganate under Bagha and from 588 under Tulan, Bagha's march west in 587 in which Apa was taken alive, and the war with Persia in 588, with the Sui and the Chen to the south
587–588: Ishbara dies, and Bagha succeeds him in the east. Bagha marches west and takes Apa alive; Niri leads Apa's following. In 588 Bagha falls and Tulan succeeds, while the west is at war with Persia. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the divisions within the khaganate are approximate.
Plate XL in the Atlas → © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

Who ruled

And beyond the steppe

  • China Sui Emperor Wen 581–604
  • Iran Sasanian Hormizd IV 579–590
  • Korea Goguryeo Pyeongwon 559–590
  • Byzantium Justinian Maurice 582–602

Eastern steppe

Western steppe

  • Suyab · Sogdians