Skip to content

Years · 8th century

711

Year of the pig toŋuz yıl

4 entries in Eastern steppe, Western steppe and Persia.

Map of Asia in 710–711: the Second Göktürk Khaganate with the Kirghiz, the Türgesh and the Sogdians as subjects, and the campaigns over the Kögmen, to Bolchu and to the Iron Gate — 710–711: Tonyukuk crosses the Kögmen and kills the Kirghiz khan, destroys the Türgesh at Bolchu and leads the army to the Iron Gate, where the Sogdians submit. Modern map; the routes are drawn between the places the inscriptions name.

Who ruled

Second Göktürk Khaganate Kapgan Khan 691–716 · Inel Khan 699–716

And beyond the steppe

China Tang Ruizong 710–712
Iran Umayyad al-Walid I 705–715
Korea Silla Seongdeok 702–737
Byzantium Heraclian Justinian II 705–711 · Philippikos 711–713

Eastern steppe

Environment · Central Mongolia turns drier, by the lake record, and stays so to 1300; the droughts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (700–1300)

Climate and the steppe empires · Orkhon valley

Western steppe

Battle of Bolchu: Tonyukuk, against Kapgan's order, crosses the Altai and the Irtysh by night and destroys the Türgesh army; their khan taken, the Ten Arrows submit

Battle of Bolchu · Tonyukuk · Kapgan Khan · Inel Khan · Bilge Khan · Kül Tegin · Türgesh · On Oq

Also dated 710 (Kül Tegin inscription, by the prince's age): The Tang history gives the Jingyun period, 710 to 711; the literature writes 711.
The Göktürk army, with the Ten Arrows behind it, crosses the Syr Darya and reaches the Iron Gate south of Samarkand; the Sogdians submit to Inel Khan (711–712)

Tonyukuk · Inel Khan · Second Göktürk Khaganate · Sogdians · Kapgan Khan

Persia

Qutayba ibn Muslim takes Sogdiana for the caliphate: Paikent, Bukhara, Samarkand, Khwarezm (705–715)

Qutayba ibn Muslim · Sogdiana · Samarkand · Bukhara · Paikent · Sogdians