53 artículos

Estados

Kaganatos, imperios y confederaciones.

Esta página y el menú están en español. De 53 artículos, 19 existen en español; el resto está en inglés y así se indica.

Los kaganatos göktürk y uigur

Los demás imperios de la estepa

Vecinos y otros reinos 48

Créditos de las imágenes
  • Bizancio: Gold solidus of the Byzantine empire, struck between 565 and 578. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 04.35.3353, Gift of Darius Ogden Mills, 1904, Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Bulgaria danubiana: The Madara Rider, a rock relief of the eighth to ninth century near Shumen in north-eastern Bulgaria. Photograph: G. Nockemann, 2011, CC BY-SA 3.0.
  • Wei oriental: 545: Yuwen Tai, chancellor of the Western Wei, sends An Nuopantuo, a Sogdian of Jiuquan, to the Göktürks in the Altai, who are still subjects of the Rouran. It is the first embassy of a Chinese state to the Ashina. Modern map; the road is drawn, the source names no route. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Primer Kaganato göktürk: 552: after the victory over the Rouran, Bumin takes the title of khan and founds the First Göktürk Khaganate in their lands. The Tiele are his subjects, and the remnant of the Rouran holds out in the east. Modern map. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Han dynasty: Wuzhu coins of the Western Han in the coin gallery of the Shanghai Museum. Photograph: Gary Lee Todd, 2010, CC0.
  • Kaganato jázaro: The so-called Moses coin, a Khazar silver coin from the Spillings hoard on Gotland, in the museum at Visby. Photograph: W. Carter, 2015, CC BY-SA 4.0.
  • Kushan Empire: Gold coin of the Kushan king Kanishka, struck about 130 CE in the region of Gandhara. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 99.35.3024, Bequest of Joseph H. Durkee, 1898, Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Qi del Norte: 552: after the victory over the Rouran, Bumin takes the title of khan and founds the First Göktürk Khaganate in their lands. The Tiele are his subjects, and the remnant of the Rouran holds out in the east. Modern map. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Wei del Norte: Limestone relief of Emperor Xiaowen and his entourage worshipping the Buddha, Northern Wei dynasty, about 522–23. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 35.146, Fletcher Fund, 1935, Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Zhou del Norte: The stone gate and the funerary couch from the tomb of An Jia, a Sogdian sabao under the Zhou who died in 579, as shown at the Shaanxi History Museum in Xi'an. The painted and gilded reliefs of the couch show scenes from his life, among them his dealings with the nomads. Photograph: Deadkid dk, 2010, CC BY-SA 3.0.
  • Kaganato rouran: c. 402: Shelun leads the Rouran, whose land reaches from Karashahr to Goguryeo, and raids the frontier of the Northern Wei. In the south the Wei, the Later Qin, the Liang states, the Yan states and the Eastern Jin divide China. Modern map; the borders in the steppe and some borders in China are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Samanids: The mausoleum of Ismail Samani at Bukhara, a monument of the Samanid dynasty. Photograph: Adam Jones, 2012, CC BY-SA 2.0.
  • Persia sasánida: Silver drachm of the Sasanian empire, about 629 CE. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 36.30.306, Rogers Fund, 1936, Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Segundo Kaganato göktürk: 682: After Funian's defeat Gudulu gathers the fugitives at Zongcai Mountain and Heisha, raids the Nine Oguz and makes himself Ilterish Khan. Ashide Yuanzhen goes over to him. In the tenth month the Göktürks raid Bingzhou, Lanzhou and Dingzhou. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tang: Copper cash coins of the Tang with the legend Kaiyuan tongbao. Photograph: Gary Lee Todd, 2007, CC0.
  • El interregno göktürk, 630–682: The Göktürk interregnum, 630–682 in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Imperio tibetano: The army of Zhang Yichao on the march, with its banners, its cavalry and dancers between the columns, from the wall painting in Cave 156 at Mogao near Dunhuang. The painting commemorates the rising of 848, in which Zhang Yichao drove the Tibetan garrison out of Dunhuang. Wall painting: unknown painter, late Tang period; Mogao Cave 156, Dunhuang. Public domain.
  • The Umayyad Caliphate: Gold dinar dated 79 AH (698–99 CE), with an Arabic inscription. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 99.35.2386, Bequest of Joseph H. Durkee, 1898, Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Kaganato uigur: Uyghur Khaganate in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Reino uigur de Qocho: Uyghur donor, wall painting from Cave 17 at Bezeklik, about the tenth to eleventh century, photographed in Berlin in 2006. Photograph: Gryffindor, 2006, public domain.
  • Kaganato göktürk occidental: Western Göktürk Khaganate in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Wei Occidentales: Horsemen in armour on armoured horses ride down robbers on foot in the story of the Five Hundred Robbers, a wall painting in Cave 285 at Mogao near Dunhuang. The cave was painted under the Western Wei and carries dedications of 538 and 539. Wall painting: unknown painter, Western Wei period (535–557); Mogao Cave 285, Dunhuang. Public domain.
  • Xiongnu: Bronze belt plaque with a tiger devouring a ram, Xiongnu, about second century BC. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 49.132, Rogers Fund, 1949. Open Access, public domain (CC0).
  • Kaganato xueyantuo (Syr Tardush): 628: In the west Tong Yabgu is murdered by his uncle, and two khans fight over the realm; Yinan leads the Xueyantuo east from the Altai. In the east the Tiele fall away from Ilig Khan, and Töles submits to the Tang. In the Caucasus Jebu Xak'an storms Tiflis in 628 or 629. Modern map; the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Kaganato de los kirguises del Yeniséi: The Ujuk-Archan inscription from the upper Yenisei in runiform script, with transcription, as Wilhelm Radloff printed it in 1895. W. Radloff, Die alttürkischen Inschriften der Mongolei, St Petersburg 1895, p. 305. Public domain.

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