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35 artículos

Guerras

Guerras, guerras civiles y las grandes campañas — el enfrentamiento entero, no una jornada de él.

Esta página y el menú están en español. De 35 artículos, 17 existen en español; el resto está en inglés y así se indica.

Hasta 100 d. C. 2

Las guerras entre los xiongnu y los Han 200 a. C. Guerras entre los Han y los xiongnu, de 200 a. C. a 93 d. C. Baideng trajo el acuerdo heqin, Mayi lo terminó, y los ejércitos de Wudi derrotaron al chanyu en Mobei. Una guerra civil dividió a los xiongnu, y el norte cayó en 93 d. C.
Han campaigns against the Northern Xiongnu 87 De 87 a 93 d. C. Los xianbei mataron a un chanyu del norte y lo desollaron; ejércitos de los Han, de los xiongnu del sur, de los xianbei y de los wuhuan destruyeron el reino del norte en cuatro campañas, y lo que quedó de él se fue al oeste.

100–552 d. C. 14

Conquista huna de los godos 370 War of the 370s in which the Huns, after subduing the Alans of the Don, broke the Gothic realm of Hermanaric north of the Black Sea and drove the Goths to the Roman frontier.
Invasión huna de 395 395 Hun raid across the Caucasus in 395 into the Roman East and the Persian empire. The Huns ravaged Armenia, Cappadocia and Syria, rode to Ctesiphon and drove thousands of captives north.
El dominio rouran sobre los pueblos túrquicos 400 Dominio del kaganato rouran sobre los pueblos de lengua túrquica de la estepa, de hacia 400 a 552. Los tiele se alzaron contra él en 487, 508 y 546. Los Ashina trabajaron el hierro para él en el Altái y lo destruyeron en 552.
The Rouran–Wei wars, 402–449 402 Medio siglo de guerra a través del Gobi, de 402 a 449. Según el Wei Shu, el primer imperio de la estepa que llamó khan a su soberano se enfrentó al primer pueblo de la estepa que gobernó el norte de China.
La campaña de Taiwu contra los rouran (429) 429 El cruce del Gobi por el emperador Taiwu de los Wei del Norte en 429. El pueblo de Datan fue dispersado en el río Li y más de trescientos mil se rindieron.
Guerras balcánicas de Atila 441 Hun invasions of the eastern Roman provinces south of the Danube in the 440s, under Bleda and Attila. They broke the eastern armies, tripled the tribute and made Attila the master of a great power.
Invasión huna de la Galia, 451 451 Attila's campaign of 451 from Pannonia across the Rhine into Gaul. It took Metz, failed before Orléans and ended at the battle on the Catalaunian Plains against Aetius and the Visigoths.
Invasión huna de Italia, 452 452 Attila's campaign of 452 across the Julian Alps into northern Italy. The Huns destroyed Aquileia and took Milan; famine, disease and an eastern attack on their homeland drove them back.
La secesión de los gaoche (487) 487 The departure of more than a hundred thousand Gaoche tents from the Rouran khaganate in 487. North-west of Gaochang they founded a kingdom of their own.
La guerra civil de los rouran (520–521) 520 La guerra civil rouran tras el asesinato de Chounu, cuatro soberanos en un solo año. Anagui fue khan durante diez días, después Shifa, después Poluomen y después otra vez Anagui, restaurado por los Wei.
Rebelión de las Seis Guarniciones 523 Levantamiento de las guarniciones septentrionales de los Wei del Norte desde 523 o 524, iniciado en Woye por Poliuhan Baling. En 525 el khan rouran Anagui lo aplastó por cuenta de los Wei.
Hegemony Wars in Northern China 534 The century of wars that followed the break-up of the Northern Wei in 534. First two Weis, then Qi against Zhou, then Sui against Chen, and last the wars that made the Tang.
Las guerras göktürk-rouran 546 Guerras de los göktürk contra los rouran, de 546 a 555, y contra los ávaros que huyeron al oeste. Bumin quebró el kaganato en 552, y Mukan destruyó sus restos.
La guerra de independencia de los göktürk 546 La guerra que rompió la soberanía rouran sobre los Ashina de Bumin, de 546 a 552. Comenzó con el levantamiento tiele interceptado y la princesa negada. Terminó en Ötüken.

553–743 d. C. 18

Expansión göktürk a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda 553 Avance göktürk desde los Siete Ríos hasta el Oxo y el Cáucaso, iniciado por Istemi en 553, que hizo de los göktürk los dueños del comercio sogdiano de la seda y los enemigos de la Persia sasánida.
Las guerras de Mukan en el este y el norte 553 Mukan Khan's wars on the eastern and northern edges of the Göktürk realm. He drove the Khitan east and annexed the Qigu, the Kirghiz, in the north. After the wars, the Zhou Shu sets the realm's bounds from the Liao sea to the Western Sea.
La guerra göktürk-heftalita, 555–563 555 La guerra que destruyó el reino heftalita e hizo de los göktürk occidentales una potencia mundial, de 555 a 563. Istemi desde el norte, Cosroes desde el sur, un reparto en el Oxo.
Expansión göktürk hacia Europa 557 Avance de los göktürk occidentales desde el Volga hasta Crimea, aproximadamente entre 557 y 598, que los hizo dueños de la estepa póntica y los llevó a una alianza con Bizancio.
La guerra entre Zhou y Qi, 557–577 557 The twenty-year war between the two halves of northern China, and the first war the Göktürks fought inside China. Mukan marched with the Zhou in 563 and took his pay in plunder.
El conflicto comercial göktürk-sasánida 560 Disputa de los göktürk bajo Istemi con Cosroes I de Persia por el comercio de la seda en la década de 560, que puso fin a su asociación y volvió a los göktürk hacia Bizancio.
Las guerras göktürk-sui, 582–603 582 War between the Göktürks and the Sui, 582 to 603, which the Sui won almost entirely by diplomacy rather than arms. It ended with a Sui client on the Ashina throne.
La guerra civil göktürk 584 La guerra civil göktürk, de 584 a 603. Cuatro príncipes Ashina lucharon por el kaganato, los Sui los enfrentaron entre sí, y el Estado que fundó Bumin se convirtió en dos.
Guerra göktürk-persa, 588–589 588 La primera gran guerra göktürk-persa, 588–589. Un ejército göktürk cruzó el Oxo y tomó Herat, y Bahram Chobin lo destruyó, una victoria que lo llevó a sublevarse contra su rey.
La conquista Tang del kaganato oriental, 626–630 626 La conquista Tang del kaganato oriental, de 626 a 630. Los göktürk se plantaron en el río Wei, a la vista de Chang'an. Cuatro años después no tenían ya ningún khan.
La campaña del Cáucaso, 627–629 627 Joint campaign of the western khaganate and Rome against Sasanian Persia, 627 to 629. The Göktürks forced the Caspian gates, took Derbent and besieged Tiflis.
The Tang conquest of the western Khaganate, 640–659 640 The Tang conquest of the western khaganate, 640 to 659. The Tang took the oasis states one at a time, then the steppe behind them. The western Ashina line ended at Chang'an.
Las guerras árabo-jázaras (642–737) 642 Combates casi continuos entre ejércitos árabes y los jázaros por los pasos del Cáucaso, de 642 a 737. Terminaron con la marcha de Marwan hasta el Volga. Ninguno de los dos bandos derrotó al otro.
Göktürk war of restoration, 679–687 679 Los göktürk del Ordos se alzaron dos veces contra el dominio Tang, en 679 y en 681, y durante una década hicieron incursiones. El primer alzamiento fue aplastado. El segundo fundó el Segundo Kaganato.
Kapgan's wars with the Tang, 698–716 698 The wars of Kapgan Khan against the Tang, 698 to 716. For eighteen years he took what he wanted and gave nothing back. A marriage refused, Hebei sacked, six prefectures handed over.
Kapgan's western war, 709–713 709 Campaign of 709 to 713, the furthest reach of the Second Khaganate. The Göktürks attacked the Kirghiz in winter, destroyed the Türgesh khan at Bolchu and sent a column beyond the Oxus.
The revolt of the subject peoples, 714–716 714 Rising of the subject peoples against the Second Khaganate, 714 to 716. The Ten Arrows and the Nine Surnames went over to the Tang, and Kapgan was killed. The khaganate came apart from the inside.
Fall of the Second Khaganate, 741–744 741 Collapse of the Göktürk state, 741 to 744. The boy khan was murdered by his own shad. A coalition of Basmïl, Uyghurs and Karluk then sent two Ashina heads to Chang'an.

Desde 744 d. C. 1

Guerra uigur-kirguís 820 War of the Yenisei Kirghiz against the Uyghur khaganate, about 820 to 840. Their ruler Are took the title of khan. A Uyghur defector led the Kirghiz to the Orkhon, where they killed the Uyghur khan.

Créditos de las imágenes

Expansión göktürk a lo largo de la Ruta de la Seda: Western Göktürk attendants with long plaits, wall painting of Afrasiab, Samarkand. Northeast Asian History Foundation, Public domain ↗
Hegemony Wars in Northern China: Armoured riders of the Western Wei, wall painting of the Five Hundred Robbers, Mogao Cave 285, Dunhuang, 535–557. Public domain ↗
Kapgan's western war, 709–713: The steles of Tonyukuk at Bain Tsokto, Mongolia. Vezirtonyukuk, CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗
Rebelión de las Seis Guarniciones: Northern Wei pottery figures of a rider and attendants. Gary Todd, CC BY-SA 4.0 ↗
La campaña de Taiwu contra los rouran (429): Cavalry horse of the Northern Wei, painted pottery. Gary Todd, CC0 ↗
La conquista Tang del kaganato oriental, 626–630: Battle steed of Taizong, copy of a relief from the Zhaoling, his tomb. Gary Todd, CC0 ↗
La guerra göktürk-heftalita, 555–563: Hephthalite silver bowl with hunting riders, British Museum. O. M. Dalton, 1905, Public domain ↗
El conflicto comercial göktürk-sasánida: Sasanian silver plate with a hunting king, 303–309, Cleveland Museum of Art. Wmpearl, CC0 ↗
The Rouran–Wei wars, 402–449: Cavalry figures of the Northern Wei, painted pottery. Gary Todd, CC0 ↗
The Tang conquest of the western Khaganate, 640–659: Battle steed of Taizong, copy of a relief from the Zhaoling, his tomb. Gary Todd, CC0 ↗
La guerra entre Zhou y Qi, 557–577: Guards with lances, wall painting in the tomb of Xu Xianxiu, Northern Qi. Public domain ↗
Expansión göktürk hacia Europa: Göktürk Expansion into Europe in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
Göktürk war of restoration, 679–687: Göktürk war of restoration, 679–687 in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
Guerra göktürk-persa, 588–589: Khosrow II flees from Bahram Chobin, the Persian commander of the war of 588, and is saved by the angel Sarush. Painting in a Shahnama made in Baghdad about 1299. The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.480.1.a, CC0.
Han campaigns against the Northern Xiongnu: 89: Dou Xian marches out from the Jilu pass with the Southern Xiongnu and defeats the northern chanyu at Mount Jiluo in the Altai; an inscription on Mount Yanran records the victory. The Southern Xiongnu are subject to the Han, and the Xianbei hold the east. Modern map; the road is drawn, and the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
Invasión huna de 395: 395–396: The Huns cross the Caucasus and raid Armenia, Melitene, Antioch and Edessa. Basich and Kursich ride down the Tigris to Ctesiphon and return through the Caspian Gates. The date of their raid is disputed. The find area of the runic fragments in Syria is shaded. Modern map. The roads are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
El dominio rouran sobre los pueblos túrquicos: 545: Yuwen Tai, chancellor of the Western Wei, sends An Nuopantuo, a Sogdian of Jiuquan, to the Göktürks in the Altai, who are still subjects of the Rouran. It is the first embassy of a Chinese state to the Ashina. Modern map; the road is drawn, the source names no route. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
La guerra civil göktürk: The Göktürk realm in 584, when the civil war broke out: Tardush in the west, Töremen Apa in the middle and Ishbara in the east, beside the Sui, the Chen, Sasanian Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. Between the steppe and China stand the wall of the Northern Qi (556) and a frontier zone held by neither side. Modern map; the zones are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
Las guerras göktürk-rouran: 551–552: the Göktürks under Bumin rise against the Rouran. In January 552 they beat a Rouran army in Dzungaria, then crush the main Rouran army north of Huaihuang, and Anagui kills himself. Modern map; the routes and the place of the battle in Dzungaria are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
Las guerras göktürk-sui, 582–603: 582–583: In 582 the Göktürks under Ishbara cross the Long Wall and plunder the Sui frontier from Wuwei to Yan'an. In 583 Ishbara marches from Ötüken to Baidao, is defeated and withdraws, and Apa flees west to Tardush. Modern map; the roads of the raids are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
La guerra de independencia de los göktürk: Painted earthenware tomb figure of an armoured horseman, Northern Wei dynasty, sixth century. The Western Wei, one of the two states into which the Northern Wei split in 534, were the Göktürks’ allies against the Rouran. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 20.39.3, Rogers Fund, 1920. Open Access, public domain (CC0).
Las guerras entre los xiongnu y los Han: 209–200 BC: Bagatur (Modu Chanyu) kills his father Duman and becomes chanyu. He destroys the king of the Donghu, drives back the Yuezhi, retakes the land Meng Tian had seized as far as Chaona and Fushi, and subjects the Dingling, the Gekun and the other peoples of the north; the Wuhuan pay him tribute. In 200 BC he surrounds the Han emperor Gaozu at Baideng near Pingcheng. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026