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Atlas

Mapas de los imperios de la estepa y de sus vecinos, como láminas, en orden cronológico. 68 mapas de 215 a. C. a 842. Cada lámina se abre a todo lo ancho, con su leyenda, sus años y los artículos en los que aparece el mapa.

Esta página y el menú están en español. Una parte de los artículos existe también en español; el resto está en inglés y así se indica.

Los estados túrquicosTabla bajo las láminas

Los xiongnu y los xianbei

hacia 215 a. C. – hacia 1557 mapas

  1. Map of East Asia around 215 BC: Qin with the Ordos taken by Meng Tian, the Xiongnu under Duman north of the Yellow River, the Donghu in the east and the Yuezhi between Dunhuang and the Qilian mountains, with a second reading in the Tian Shan © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 215 a. C.Lámina I Qin toma el Ordos
  2. Map of East Asia from 209 to 200 BC: the Xiongnu under Bagatur from the Ordos to Lake Baikal, the Wuhuan, Dingling and Gekun as their subjects, the campaigns against the Donghu, the Yuezhi and the northern peoples, the Han in China and the siege of Baideng © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    209–200 a. C.Lámina II Bagatur unifica la estepa
  3. Map of East Asia from 176 to 174 BC: the Xiongnu at their greatest extent from the Tarim to the land of the Donghu, the oasis states, Jushi, the Hujie, Dingling, Gekun and Wuhuan as their subjects, the Wise King of the Right against the Yuezhi and the Yuezhi moving west to the Ili, with the Han and Gojoseon © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    176–174 a. C.Lámina III Los xiongnu en su apogeo
  4. Map of East Asia in 133 BC: the Xiongnu under Junchen with the Ordos and the Hexi corridor, their subjects from the Tarim to the Wuhuan, the Yuezhi on the Ili, the Han, and the march of the chanyu towards Mayi, where three hundred thousand Han lie in ambush, and his withdrawal © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    133 a. C.Lámina IV La emboscada de Mayi
  5. Map of East Asia around 100 BC: the Xiongnu north of the Gobi with the Tarim oasis states, Jushi, the Hujie, Dingling and Gekun as their subjects, the Han with the Ordos and the Hexi corridor, the Wuhuan subject to the Han, the Wusun and the Da Yuezhi, and the campaigns of 119 BC © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 100 a. C.Lámina V Los xiongnu al norte del Gobi
  6. Map of Dou Xian’s campaign in 89: the Northern Xiongnu in the Mongolian steppe, the Southern Xiongnu subject to the Eastern Han, the march from the Jilu pass to the battle at Mount Jiluo in the Altai and the Yanran inscription, with the Xianbei in the east and the Wusun, the oases of the Tarim and the Kushans in the west © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    89Lámina VI La campaña de Dou Xian contra los xiongnu del norte
  7. Map of the Xianbei about 155: the realm of Tanshihuai over the Mongolian steppe, the Southern Xiongnu inside the frontier of the Eastern Han, the protectorate of the Western Regions, the Wusun and the Kushans, and Northern Xiongnu north-west of Kangju as a second reading © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 155Lámina VII Los xianbei en la antigua tierra xiongnu

Los rouran, los hunos y los Wei del Norte

395–396 – 523–52811 mapas

  1. Map of the Hunnic raid of 395–396: the Huns north of the Caucasus, the main raid over the Darial pass to Melitene, Antioch and Edessa, the raid of Basich and Kursich down the Tigris to Ctesiphon and back through Derbent, and the find area of the runic fragments in Syria © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    395–396Lámina VIII La incursión huna a través del Cáucaso
  2. Map of East Asia about 402: the Rouran from Karashahr to Goguryeo, Shelun's raid on the Northern Wei, and in China the Wei, the Later Qin, the Liang states, the Yan states and the Eastern Jin, with the Tuyuhun, the Tarim oasis states, the Wusun and the Kidarites © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 402Lámina IX Shelun y los Wei del Norte
  3. Map of East Asia in 439: the Rouran in the steppe, the Northern Wei with the Northern Liang they took in 439, the march of the Wei from Pingcheng to Guzang, the flight of the Ashina to the Rouran, and the Liu Song in the south © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    439Lámina X Los Wei toman a los Liang del Norte
  4. Map of the Pontic steppe around 450: the realm of Attila from the Danube to the Volga, the Akatziri in two proposed places, the Alans north of the Caucasus, and the Eastern Roman Empire and Sasanian Persia as neighbours © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    450Lámina XI La estepa póntica
  5. Map of Europe at Attila's death in 453: the Hunnic Empire from the Rhine to the Caspian Sea with the Gepids as subjects, the Western and Eastern Roman Empires, the Visigoths, Franks and Burgundians, Sasanian Persia, and the routes of Attila's campaigns in Gaul in 451 and in Italy in 452 © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    453Lámina XII El imperio huno a la muerte de Atila
  6. Map of East Asia about 460: the Rouran in the steppe with their hatched reach west to Lake Balkhash, the Ashina as a small subject territory on the southern slope of the Altai, the road of the Ashina from Gaochang, the march of the Rouran against the Tiele, the Northern Wei and the Liu Song in China © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 460Lámina XIII Los ashina en el Altái
  7. Map of the chain of expulsions around 463: the Abares pressing the Sabirs, the Sabirs pressing the Saragurs, Ogurs and Onogurs west, the defeat of the Akatziri, the embassy of the Saragurs to Constantinople and their later raid through the Caucasus, with an inset of the Rouran © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    463Lámina XIV La cadena de expulsiones
  8. Map of the years 466–469: the Huns after the Nedao on the lower Danube, Dengizich's march against Bassiana, Ernak in two proposed places at the mouth of the Tisza and in the Dobruja, Emnetzur and Ultzindur on the Danube, and the death of Dengizich in 469 © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    466–469Lámina XV El fin de los hijos de Atila
  9. Map of East Asia in 516: the Rouran under Chounu, his campaign west against the Gaoche, the Ashina in the Altai as subjects of the Rouran, the Northern Wei and the Liang in China, the Tuyuhun, the Tarim oasis states and the Hephthalites © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    516Lámina XVI Chounu aplasta a los gaoche
  10. Map of East Asia in 520: the Rouran in civil war, Anagui's flight to the Northern Wei at Luoyang, the independent Gaoche, the Ashina in the Altai, the Northern Wei and the Liang, the Tuyuhun and the Tarim oasis states © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    520Lámina XVII Anagui huye a los Wei
  11. Map of northern China, 523 to 528: the revolt of the Six Garrisons along the northern frontier of the Northern Wei from Woye to Yuyi, the risings in Guanzhong around Chang'an and in Hebei, Anagui's march with the Rouran from Wuchuan against Woye in 525, and Erzhu Rong against Ge Rong at Ye in 528 © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    523–528Lámina XVIII Las revueltas de los Wei del Norte

El ascenso de los göktürk

hacia 542 – 55610 mapas

  1. Map of Asia around 542: the Rouran Khaganate across the eastern steppe, with the Ashina in the Altai and the Tiele from Dzungaria to the Caspian as its subjects, beside the Western and Eastern Wei, the Liang, the Tuyuhun, the Tarim Basin, the Hephthalites, the Nezak Huns, Sasanian Persia, the Eastern Roman Empire and Goguryeo © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 542Lámina XIX Bumin se convierte en yabgu de los ashina
  2. Map of Asia in 545: the embassy of the Western Wei under An Nuopantuo from Jiuquan to the Ashina in the Altai, subjects of the Rouran, who rule the eastern steppe with the Tiele as further subjects, beside the Western and Eastern Wei, the Liang, the Tuyuhun, the Hephthalites, Sasanian Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    545Lámina XX La embajada de los Wei occidentales a los göktürk
  3. Map of the defeat of the Tiele in 546: the Tiele move from Dzungaria against the Rouran, Bumin and the Ashina strike them from the Altai, and the beaten Tiele pass into the Ashina territory, which reaches south towards Turfan, within the Rouran Khaganate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    546Lámina XXI Bumin derrota a los tiele
  4. Map of the Sea of Azov around 550: the Kutrigurs west and the Utigurs east of the Don, the Sabirs and Onogurs north of the Caucasus, Bosporos and Cherson in the Crimea, the Kutrigur raids of 551 and 558–559, and the arrival of the Avars in 557 © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    550Lámina XXII El mar de Azov
  5. Map of the Göktürk–Rouran war of 551 and 552: from the Altai the Ashina under Bumin strike a Rouran army in Dzungaria and drive east across the Gobi to Huaihuang, where Anagui kills himself; the Rouran rule the eastern steppe, the Tiele are their subjects in the west © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    551–552Lámina XXIII La guerra göktürk-rouran
  6. Map of Asia in 552: the First Göktürk Khaganate across the eastern steppe from the Altai to the Khingan, south of Lake Baikal, the Tiele in the west as its subjects, the remnant of the Rouran in the east, beside the Western Wei, the Northern Qi, the Liang, the Tuyuhun, the Hephthalites and Persia © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    552Lámina XXIV El Primer Kaganato göktürk
  7. Map of Asia in 553: the Göktürk Khaganate with the Tiele as subjects, the battle at Mount Mulai against the last Rouran, the march of the Qi to Shuozhou, and Istemi's first advances west from the Altai, with the Western Wei, the Northern Qi, the Hephthalites and Sasanian Persia © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    553Lámina XXV Los últimos rouran y la marcha de Istemi al oeste
  8. Map of Asia in 554: the Göktürk Khaganate with the Tiele as subjects, the Rouran remnant between the Göktürks and the Northern Qi, the Qi pursuit to the Huanggua hill, the fall of Jiangling to the Western Wei, and Istemi's advance in the west © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    554Lámina XXVI La revuelta de Anluochen y la caída de Jiangling
  9. Map of Asia in 555: the Göktürk Khaganate reaching Lake Balkhash, the Qi campaign to Huaishuo and Woye against the last Rouran, the killing of the Rouran at the Qingmen gate of Chang'an, and the frontier zone between the Göktürks and China © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    555Lámina XXVII El fin de los rouran
  10. Map of the campaign against the Tuyuhun in 556: Mukan's march from the steppe by Liangzhou to the Qinghai lake and on the northern road against Hezhen, Shi Ning's march against Shudun, the Göktürk Khaganate, the Western Wei, the Northern Qi with their wall and the Liang © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    556Lámina XXVIII Los göktürk y los Wei occidentales contra los tuyuhun

El Primer Kaganato göktürk

557 – 5767 mapas

  1. Map of Asia in 557: the Göktürk Khaganate from Lake Balkhash to the land of the Khitan, the Tiele as subjects, the Northern Zhou, the Northern Qi and the Chen, and the flight of the Avars west to the Alans north of the Caucasus © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    557Lámina XXIX Los Zhou del Norte y la huida de los ávaros
  2. Map of Asia in 558: the road of the first Avar embassy through the Alans and Lazica to Constantinople, the Avar attacks on the Onogurs and the Sabirs, and the Göktürk Khaganate from Lake Balkhash to the land of the Khitan © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    558Lámina XXX Los ávaros llegan a Constantinopla
  3. Map of Asia around 560: the Göktürk Khaganate from Manchuria to the Caspian, Istemi advancing through Chach to the battle of Bukhara, Khosrow I advancing from the south to Balkh, beside Sasanian Persia, the Northern Zhou, the Northern Qi and the Chen © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 560Lámina XXXI Los göktürk destruyen a los heftalitas
  4. Map of the return of Zemarchos with the Göktürk embassy under Tagma Tarkhan, 569 to 571: from Talas north of the Aral Sea across the Emba, the Ural and the Volga, through the lands of the Alans and over the Caucasus to the Black Sea and Constantinople © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 571Lámina XXXII La embajada göktürk a Constantinopla
  5. Map of Asia in 572: the Göktürk Khaganate under Taspar Khan, with Ishbara as Erfu Khan in the east and Börü Khan in the west, the Tarim Basin as subject, the Northern Zhou, the Northern Qi and the Chen in China, and Sasanian Persia © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    572Lámina XXXIII Taspar y los khanes menores
  6. Map of the First Göktürk Khaganate around 576: the Göktürk realm across the steppe from the Black Sea, the Utigurs and the Alans to the Khitan, with the court at Ötüken, the Tarim oasis states and the Hephthalite principalities as tributaries, the Kirghiz, Tiele, Shiwei and Mohe at its northern and eastern edges, and beside it the Eastern Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Tuyuhun, the Northern Zhou, the Northern Qi, the Chen and Goguryeo, and between the steppe and China the wall of the Northern Qi and a hatched frontier zone © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 576Lámina XXXIV El Primer Kaganato göktürk
  7. Map of the Pontic steppe in 576: the Göktürk Khaganate from the Sea of Azov to the Aral Sea with Bosporos, the Utigurs and the Alans, and the Avars and their sphere west of the Don © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    576Lámina XXXV La estepa póntica bajo dominio göktürk

División y guerra civil

581 – hacia 6039 mapas

  1. Map of Asia in 581: the undivided Göktürk Khaganate from the Black Sea to the Khitan with the court at Ötüken, the Tarim oasis states and the Hephthalite principalities as tributaries, beside the Eastern Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Sui, the Chen, the Tuyuhun and Goguryeo, and between the steppe and China the wall of the Northern Qi and a hatched frontier zone © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    581Lámina XXXVI La división del kaganato
  2. Map of northern China and the eastern steppe, 582 to 583: the Göktürk Khaganate from the Tarim to the Khingan, three raids across the Long Wall in 582 towards Wuwei, Tianshui and Yan'an, the battle of Zhoupan, Ishbara's march from Ötüken to Baidao in 583, his defeat and withdrawal, and Apa's flight west © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    582–583Lámina XXXVII Las campañas de Ishbara contra los Sui
  3. Map of Asia in 584 during the Göktürk civil war: the zones of Tardush in the west, Töremen Apa in the middle and Ishbara in the east, the Tarim oasis states and the Hephthalite principalities as tributaries, beside the Eastern Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Sui, the Chen, the Tuyuhun and Goguryeo, and between the steppe and China the wall of the Northern Qi and a hatched frontier zone © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    584Lámina XXXVIII La división del kaganato
  4. Map of the Göktürk civil war in 585: Tardush in the west from the Black Sea to Suyab, Töremen Apa between the Tian Shan and Ötüken, Ishbara in the east, the advance on Ötüken in September 585, Ishbara's withdrawal to Baidao under Sui protection and his counterattack against Apa, with the Tarim oasis states as tributaries and the Sui to the south © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    585Lámina XXXIX La guerra civil göktürk
  5. Map of the Göktürk civil war, 587 to 588: Tardush in the west, Niri in Apa's following between the Tian Shan and the Khangai, the eastern khaganate under Bagha and from 588 under Tulan, Bagha's march west in 587 in which Apa was taken alive, and the war with Persia in 588, with the Sui and the Chen to the south © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    587–588Lámina XL La guerra civil göktürk
  6. Map of Asia in 589: Bahram Chobin's march from Herat to Paikent and the road of Parmūdha and the treasure to Ctesiphon, the Göktürks divided into Tardush, Niri and the eastern khaganate under Tulan, the Sui and the Chen they took in 589, Sasanian Persia and Byzantium © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    589Lámina XLI Bahram Chobin y el fin de los Chen
  7. Map of the Göktürk civil war, 597 to 599: Tardush in the west, Niri between the Tian Shan and the Khangai, Tulan in the east, Yami's pastures in the Ordos under Sui protection, the attack of Tulan and Tardush on Yami below the Long Wall in 599 and Yami's flight to Chang'an © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    597–599Lámina XLII La guerra civil göktürk
  8. Map of Asia in 600: Tardush as Bujia Khan over the steppe from the Black Sea to Manchuria, Niri's following in the Altai, Yami under the Sui in the Ordos, and the Sui columns to Mount Dajin © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    600Lámina XLIII Tardush y los Sui
  9. Map of Asia around 603: the Western Göktürk Khaganate from the Black Sea to the Tian Shan and the Eastern Göktürk Khaganate from the Khangai to the Khitan, the Tarim oasis states and the Hephthalite principalities as tributaries of the west, beside the Eastern Roman Empire, Sasanian Persia, the Sui, the Tuyuhun and Goguryeo, and between the steppe and China the wall of the Northern Qi, Yami's pasture in the Ordos and a hatched frontier zone © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    hacia 603Lámina XLIV La división del kaganato

Los Tang y el surgimiento del Segundo Kaganato göktürk

627 – 68210 mapas

  1. Map of Eurasia in 627: the western Göktürk khaganate under Tong Yabgu from the Caucasus to the Tarim, the march of Jebu Xak'an through Derbent to Tiflis and of Heraclius to the siege of Tiflis, the eastern Göktürk khaganate under Ilig Khan with the revolt of the Tiele, the Tang, Tibet, Sasanian Persia and Byzantium © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    627Lámina XLV La campaña del Cáucaso y la revuelta de los tiele
  2. Map of Eurasia in 628: the western Göktürk khaganate in the war of two khans, the Xueyantuo under Yinan moving east from the Altai, the Tiele between the Khangai and the Selenga fallen away from the eastern khaganate of Ilig Khan, the second march of Jebu Xak'an to Tiflis, the Tang, Tibet, Sasanian Persia and Byzantium © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    628Lámina XLVI El asesinato de Tong Yabgu y la secesión de los tiele
  3. Map of Eurasia in 630: Li Jing's attack on Dingxiang and his victory at the Iron Mountain north of the Yin Mountains, the Göktürks under Tang protectorates along the Yellow River, the Xueyantuo north of the Gobi, Yiwu with the Tang, the western Göktürk khaganate under Si Yabgu Khan and the battle at Lake Sevan © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    630Lámina XLVII La caída del kaganato oriental
  4. Map of Asia in 638: the western Göktürk khaganate divided at the Ili between the Nushibi under Ishbara Tolis Khan and the Duolu under Yukuk Shad, with the Xueyantuo, the Tang and the Caliphate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    638Lámina XLVIII El khaganato occidental dividido
  5. Map of Central Asia in 648: the Tang advance from Xizhou (Gaochang) by Karashahr to Kucha, the seat of the Anxi protectorate, the Four Garrisons of Kucha, Khotan, Kashgar and Suyab, the western Göktürk khaganate under Irbis Shegui Khan, Chebi Khan in the Altai and the Yanran protectorate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    648Lámina XLIX La conquista Tang del Tarim
  6. Map of Asia in 650: the Western Göktürk Khaganate from the Tarbagatai to the Oxus with Sogdia and Tokharistan as dependants, the Tang with the protectorate of Yanran over the steppe, the Kirghiz and the oasis states of the Tarim as tributaries, beside Tibet, the Tuyuhun, the Korean kingdoms, Japan, the Rashidun Caliphate, the rest of Sasanian Persia, the Khazars, Great Bulgaria, the Avars and the Eastern Roman Empire © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    650Lámina L El kaganato occidental y los Tang
  7. Map of Asia in 657: the land of the western Göktürks as ten prefectures under the Tang, the Yanran protectorate in the steppe, the Tarim oases, Tibet and the Rashidun Caliphate up to the Oxus © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    657Lámina LI El fin del khaganato occidental
  8. Map of Asia in 670: the Tarim oases under Tibet, with an arrow to Kucha, the Tang and their protectorates, the western Göktürks under the Tang and the Umayyad Caliphate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    670Lámina LII El Tíbet toma las Cuatro Guarniciones
  9. Map of northern China and the steppe, 679 to 681: the Göktürks of the Ordos and of Yunzhong in revolt, Pei Xingjian's marches from Chang'an to Black Mountain and into the west against Ashina Duzhi, Funian raised at Xiazhou, numbered in the order of events © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    679–681Lámina LIII Las revueltas de Nishufu y Funian
  10. Map of northern China and the steppe in 682: the land of Ilterish north of the Yellow River with Heisha and Zongcai Mountain, his raid on the Nine Oguz and the raids on Bingzhou, Lanzhou and Dingzhou, numbered in the order of events © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    682Lámina LIV La rebelión de Ilterish

El Segundo Kaganato göktürk

691 – 7348 mapas

  1. Map of Asia in 691: the Second Göktürk Khaganate in Mongolia under Kapgan Khan, the Türgesh around Suyab, the Tarim under Tibet, the Tang and the Umayyad Caliphate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    691Lámina LV Kapgan Khan sube al trono
  2. Map of Asia in 692: the Tarim oases again under the Tang, with Wang Xiaojie's march to Kucha, the Second Göktürk Khaganate, the Türgesh and Tibet © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    692Lámina LVI Los Tang recuperan las Cuatro Guarniciones
  3. Map of Asia in 699: the Second Göktürk Khaganate under Kapgan Khan, the Türgesh under Wuzhile around Suyab, Tang China and Tibet © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    699Lámina LVII Kapgan ordena el reino
  4. Map of Asia in 710–711: the Second Göktürk Khaganate with the Kirghiz, the Türgesh and the Sogdians as subjects, and the campaigns over the Kögmen, to Bolchu and to the Iron Gate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    711Lámina LVIII La guerra occidental de Kapgan
  5. Map of Asia in 716: Kapgan Khan killed on the Tola, Bilge Khan on the throne of the Second Göktürk Khaganate, the Türgesh, Tang China and Tibet © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    716Lámina LIX La muerte de Kapgan y Bilge Khan
  6. Map of Asia in 717: Sulu khan of the Türgesh, Bilge Khan in the Second Göktürk Khaganate, the Arab siege of Constantinople © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    717Lámina LX Sulu y los türgesh
  7. Map of Asia in 721: Tonyukuk takes Beiting and raids Liangzhou, the revolt of the six counties in the Ordos © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    721Lámina LXI Tonyukuk y la guerra con los Tang
  8. Map of Asia in 734: the death of Bilge Khan, Yiran Khan and Tengri Khan in the Second Göktürk Khaganate, Sulu of the Türgesh © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    734Lámina LXII La muerte de Bilge Khan

Los uigures y los kirguises

744 – 8426 mapas

  1. Map of Asia in 744: the Uyghur Khaganate on the Orkhon, the Basmïl and Karluks in the Altai, the Türgesh breaking up, Tang China and Tibet © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    744Lámina LXIII El ascenso de los uigures
  2. Map of Asia in 745: the Uyghur Khaganate from the Altai to the Shiwei, the Karluks moving west to the Ten Arrows, and the Katun Pofu going to the Tang © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    745Lámina LXIV El Khaganato Uigur
  3. Map of Asia in 790: the Uyghur Khaganate, Beiting lost to Tibet, Anxi cut off from the Tang, the Karluks and the Abbasid Caliphate © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    790Lámina LXV La guerra por Beiting
  4. Map of Asia in 821: the Uyghur Khaganate at war with the Kirghiz, the road of Tamim ibn Bahr, the Tibet–Tang treaty © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    821Lámina LXVI El khaganato en guerra con los kirguises
  5. Map of Asia in 840: the Kirghiz destroy Ordu-Baliq, and the Uyghurs flee to the Tang frontier, to Gansu, to the Tarim and to the Karluks; the steppe is left empty © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    840Lámina LXVII La caída del Khaganato Uigur
  6. Map of Asia in 842: Wujie's Uyghurs on the Tang frontier, the Kirghiz in the north, the Tibetan empire breaking up © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
    842Lámina LXVIII Tras la caída de los uigures

Los estados túrquicos

Los estados que fundaron o gobernaron pueblos túrquicos, 24 en total, de 209 a. C. a 1240, en el orden de su fundación. Cada fila sale de su artículo y lleva a él.

N.ºEmblemaEstadoAñosDuraciónCasa reinanteFundadorCapitalTítulo del soberano
1 Xiongnu 匈奴 hacia 209 a. C.–155 hacia 364 años Luandi Bagatur (Modu Chanyu) – Chanyu
2 Imperio huno hacia 370–469 hacia 99 años – – – King
3 Estado gaoche 高車 hacia 487–541 hacia 54 años Fufuluo Afuzhiluo – Great son of heaven, King
4 Kaganato göktürk occidental on oq 西突厥 hacia 552–657 hacia 105 años Ashina Istemi Suyab Yabgu
5 Primer Kaganato göktürk 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 突厥 552–630 78 años Ashina Bumin Khan, Istemi Ötüken Khan (kagan)
6 Kaganato xueyantuo (Syr Tardush) Sır Tarduš 薛延陀 628–646 18 años – Yinan Khan Ötüken Khan (kagan)
7 Antigua Gran Bulgaria hacia 635–660 hacia 25 años – Kubrat – –
8 Kaganato jázaro *Qazar 可薩 hacia 650–969 hacia 319 años Ashina – Itil Khan (kagan)
9 Bulgaria danubiana 681–? – Dulo Asparuch Pliska Khan (kagan)
10 Segundo Kaganato göktürk 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜: 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 突厥 682–744 62 años Ashina Ilterish Khan, Tonyukuk Ötüken Khan (kagan)
11 Kaganato türgesh 突騎施 hacia 699–744 hacia 45 años – Wuzhile Suyab Khan (kagan)
12 Kaganato uigur 回紇 744–840 96 años Yaglakar Kutlug Bilge Kül Khan Ordu-Balık Khan (kagan)
13 Estado del yabgu karluk hacia 745–? – – – Suyab Yabgu
14 Estado karajánida hacia 840–1212 hacia 372 años – – – Khan (kagan)
15 Kaganato de los kirguises del Yeniséi 黠戛斯 hacia 840–924 hacia 84 años Are Are Khan Kemijkat Khan (kagan), Aco
16 Estado yabgu de los oghuz hacia 850–1042 hacia 192 años – – – Yabgu

It is not the time, yet...

La estepa antes de los göktürk

Pueblos e imperios de la estepa antes de 552, hasta los rouran, a quienes derribaron los göktürk. Los escitas, los sakas y los sármatas hablaban lenguas iranias. De los demás, la lengua es desconocida o discutida.

N.ºEmblemaEstadoAñosDuraciónCasa reinanteFundadorCapitalTítulo del soberano
1 Cimmerians hacia 1000 a. C.–600 a. C. hacia 400 años – – – –
2 Saka 塞 hacia 800 a. C.–100 a. C. hacia 700 años – – – –
3 Scythians hacia 800 a. C.–300 a. C. hacia 500 años Royal Scythians – – –
4 Sármatas hacia 400 a. C.–400 hacia 800 años – – – –
5 Donghu 東胡 hacia 300 a. C.–206 a. C. hacia 94 años – – – King
6 Yuezhi 月氏 hacia 209 a. C.–130 a. C. hacia 79 años – – – King
7 Wusun 烏孫 hacia 130 a. C.–? – – – Red valley city Kunmo
8 Xianbei 鮮卑 hacia 87–235 hacia 148 años – – – Chief
9 Kaganato rouran Apar 柔然 hacia 400–554 hacia 154 años Yujiulü Shelun Khan Mumocheng Khan (kagan)

Cinco lenguas

El atlas en tu lengua

Los menús, las cronologías y los mapas animados están en las cinco lenguas, y también 304 artículos.

Nuevo, edición básica:OʻzbekchaҚазақшаКыргызча