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史料

伝承

各史料は、それぞれの伝統の帯の中で、成立した位置に置かれています。左へ伸びる細い線は、その史料が記す最も古い出来事に至り、その長さが本文と出来事との隔たりです。曲線は編纂書と、それが書き写した史料を結びます。線が出会うところでは、二冊の書物が一つの記録を伝えています。

このページとメニューは日本語です。項目の一部は日本語でもお読みいただけます。残りは英語で、その旨を表示します。

時間軸上の史料90点、うち記述の範囲がわかるもの39点、依拠関係20件。

時間の中の史料

紀元前600 紀元前400 紀元前200 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Shiji · -91 Shiji Han Shu · 111 Han Shu Song Shu · 487–488 Song Shu Nan Shi · 659 Nan Shi Nan Qi Shu · early 6th century, under the Liang Nan Qi Shu Wei Shu · 554 Wei Shu Bei Shi (History of the Northern Dynasties) · 659 Bei Shi Zizhi tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance) · 1084 Zizhi tongjian Liang Shu · presented in 636 Liang Shu Sui Shu (Book of Sui) · 636 (annals); 656 (treatises) Sui Shu Tongdian · 766–801 Tongdian Zhou Shu (Book of Zhou) · 636 Zhou Shu Bei Qi Shu (Book of Northern Qi) · 636 Bei Qi Shu Cefu yuangui · 1013 Cefu yuangui Jiu Tangshu (Old Book of Tang) · 945 Jiu Tangshu Xin Tangshu (New Book of Tang) · 1060 Xin Tangshu Sanguozhi · 3rd century; commentary 429 Sanguozhi Hou Han Shu · 445 Hou Han Shu Tomb of Princess Linhe · 550 Tomb of Princess Linhe Record of the Western Regions · 646 or 648 Record of the Western Regions Life of Xuanzang · 688, in Yancong's edition Life of Xuanzang Fengshi Wenjian Ji · late 8th century Fengshi Wenjian Ji Li Deyu's Letters to the Kirghiz · 843 to 845 Li Deyu's Letters to the Kirghiz Tang Huiyao (Institutional History of the Tang) · 961 Tang Huiyao Issyk inscription · disputed: between the fifth and the third century BC Issyk inscription Bugut inscription · about 584 Bugut inscription Runiform finds in Mongolia, 1990 to 1999 · undated; the finder of one text proposes about 630 to 680 Runiform finds in Mongolia, 1990 to 1999 Begre inscription (E 11) · disputed: from the seventh century to the ninth or later Begre inscription Runiform inscriptions of the Khazar lands · seventh to tenth century, by the position of the finds; no inscription is dated by its own text Runiform inscriptions of the Khazar lands Yenisei inscriptions · disputed: from the seventh century to the tenth; no inscription is dated Yenisei inscriptions Afrasiab paintings · 660 Afrasiab paintings South Yenisei inscriptions · The eighth to the tenth century by the graves and stelae that carry the texts. No text gives a date. South Yenisei inscriptions Szarvas needle case inscription · about the eighth century Szarvas needle case inscription Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós · the vessels in the eighth and ninth centuries by their style; the inscriptions disputed Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós Ulaangom inscription · Placed in the first half of the eighth century by its first reader, on the strength of one word that a second reader reads differently. The other study gives no date. Ulaangom inscription Altın Köl Inscriptions · undated; the year 711 follows if the dead man is the Kirghiz khan Bars Beg; the letter forms have led others to date both stones to the end of the ninth century Altın Köl Inscriptions Ongi inscription · disputed, between 716 and 740 Ongi inscription Küli Čor inscription · disputed, between 719 and 725 Küli Čor inscription Tonyukuk inscription · about 720 to 725, or 732 to 734 on a second dating Tonyukuk inscription Nalaikh Inscription · about 730, by estimate; no dated find supports it, and the authenticity of the piece is itself questioned Nalaikh Inscription Kül Tegin inscription · 732 Kül Tegin inscription Bilge Khan inscription · 735 Bilge Khan inscription Suji inscription · disputed: before 780, or after 840 Suji inscription Tariat inscription · 750–756 Tariat inscription Hoyto Tamir inscriptions · Three texts carry animal-year dates, which one reckoning sets in 753 and 756. The editors place at least two further texts in the Uyghur age by the tamga cut at their end. The other texts have no stated date. Hoyto Tamir inscriptions Šine-Usu inscription · 759–761 Šine-Usu inscription Tes inscription · Placed at about 750, at about 761 or 762, or after 760–761. No year is legible in a form that all readers accept. Tes inscription Karabalghasun inscription · 800–830 Karabalghasun inscription Protobulgarian sign corpus · mostly the ninth century, above all under Omurtag (814 to 831) Protobulgarian sign corpus Murfatlar inscriptions · second half of the ninth century to the first half of the tenth Murfatlar inscriptions Sogdian inscriptions of the upper Indus · third to fifth century; a few before the Ancient Letters, most not before the fifth century, none after the beginning of the seventh Sogdian inscriptions of the upper Indus Sogdian Ancient Letters · 313 by the prevailing reckoning; 196 by another Sogdian Ancient Letters Mount Mugh documents · the decade after 710 Mount Mugh documents Sogdian inscriptions of the Talas valley · beginning of the tenth to beginning of the eleventh century; the last February–March 1026 Sogdian inscriptions of the Talas valley Priscus · after 472; published soon after 476 Priscus Theophylact Simocatta · begun after 610 and before 638, probably in the late 620s, under Heraclius Theophylact Simocatta Theophanes the Confessor · c. 810–814 Theophanes the Confessor Procopius · the 550s Procopius Theophanes of Byzantium · after 581, probably in the last years of Maurice Theophanes of Byzantium Menander Protector · after 582, under the emperor Maurice Menander Protector Nikephoros · probably the 780s Nikephoros De administrando imperio · about 948 to 952 De administrando imperio Ammianus Marcellinus · completed most probably in the winter of 392/393 Ammianus Marcellinus Jordanes · 551 Jordanes Sebeos · c. 655, with notices added down to 661 Sebeos Movsēs Dasxurancʿi · 10th century, drawing on seventh-century material Movsēs Dasxurancʿi Ibn Rusta · about 290 AH (903), using older material Ibn Rusta al-Iṣṭakhrī · about 320 AH (932) al-Iṣṭakhrī aṯ-Ṯaʿālibī · between 408 and 412 of the hijra, about 1017 to 1021 aṯ-Ṯaʿālibī Tabari · early 10th century Tabari Ibn Fadlan · after 922 Ibn Fadlan al-Masʿūdī · the Meadows of Gold in the 940s; al-Tanbīh in 956 al-Masʿūdī Marvazī (Ṭabāʾiʿ al-ḥayawān) · about 1120 (514 AH) Marvazī Narshakhī, History of Bukhara · 943 or 944 (Arabic original); Persian version 1128; abridged and enlarged 1178 Narshakhī, History of Bukhara Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam · 982 Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam Shahnameh · completed about 1010 Shahnameh Gardīzī (Zayn al-akhbār) · about 1050 (about 440 AH) Gardīzī Irk Bitig · 930 Irk Bitig Kutadgu Bilig · 1069–1070 Kutadgu Bilig Dīvān Lughāt al-Turk · 1073–1077 Dīvān Lughāt al-Turk Tomb of Kang Ye · 571 Tomb of Kang Ye John of Ephesus · Part III begun before 578 and carried to 588; book VI, chapter 23 written before 581 John of Ephesus Tomb of An Jia · 579 Tomb of An Jia Tomb of Shi Jun · 580 Tomb of Shi Jun Tomb of Yu Hong · 592 Tomb of Yu Hong Old Tibetan report on the northern kings · mid-8th century, soon after the founding of the Uyghur khaganate Old Tibetan report on the northern kings The Kievian letter · about 930; the tenth and the eleventh century are both argued The Kievian letter The Schechter letter · middle of the tenth century The Schechter letter The Khazar correspondence · Hasdai's letter after 954 and before 961; Joseph's reply about 960 The Khazar correspondence Russian Primary Chronicle · about 1113, revised in the twelfth century Russian Primary Chronicle
成立 記す最古の出来事 依拠 時間軸は横にスクロールできます。

数で見る史料

史料伝統成立最古の出来事隔たり依拠する史料
Shiji 中国 紀元前91
Han Shu 中国 111 Shiji
Song Shu 中国 487–488 420 67年
Nan Shi 中国 659 420 239年 Song Shu, Nan Qi Shu, Liang Shu
Nan Qi Shu 中国 500–530 479 21年
Wei Shu 中国 554 386 168年
Bei Shi 中国 659 Wei Shu, Zhou Shu, Sui Shu
Zizhi tongjian 中国 1084 Wei Shu, Zhou Shu, Sui Shu, Bei Shi
Liang Shu 中国 636 502 134年
Sui Shu 中国 636
Tongdian 中国 766–801 Sui Shu, Zhou Shu
Zhou Shu 中国 636
Bei Qi Shu 中国 636 532 104年 Bei Shi
Cefu yuangui 中国 1013 Tongdian, Jiu Tangshu
Jiu Tangshu 中国 945 618 327年
Xin Tangshu 中国 1060 618 442年 Jiu Tangshu
Sanguozhi 中国 429
Hou Han Shu 中国 445
Tomb of Princess Linhe 中国 550 542 8年 (目撃者)
Record of the Western Regions 中国 646 629 17年 (目撃者)
Life of Xuanzang 中国 688
Fengshi Wenjian Ji 中国 770–800
Li Deyu's Letters to the Kirghiz 中国 843–845 843 0年
Tang Huiyao 中国 961 618 343年
Issyk inscription 草原 紀元前500–紀元前200 (目撃者)
Bugut inscription 草原 584 552 32年
Runiform finds in Mongolia, 1990 to 1999 草原 600–900
Begre inscription 草原 650–950
Runiform inscriptions of the Khazar lands 草原 650–950
Yenisei inscriptions 草原 650–1000
Afrasiab paintings 草原 660 650 10年 (目撃者)
South Yenisei inscriptions 草原 700–1000 (目撃者)
Szarvas needle case inscription 草原 700–800
Treasure of Nagyszentmiklós 草原 700–850
Ulaangom inscription 草原 700–750 (目撃者)
Altın Köl Inscriptions 草原 711
Ongi inscription 草原 716–740 (目撃者)
Küli Čor inscription 草原 719–725 (目撃者)
Tonyukuk inscription 草原 720 679 41年 (目撃者)
Nalaikh Inscription 草原 730
Kül Tegin inscription 草原 732 552 180年
Bilge Khan inscription 草原 735
Suji inscription 草原 745–900
Tariat inscription 草原 750–756 741 9年 (目撃者)
Hoyto Tamir inscriptions 草原 753–756 (目撃者)
Šine-Usu inscription 草原 759–761 744 15年 (目撃者)
Tes inscription 草原 760–761 (目撃者)
Karabalghasun inscription 草原 800–830 744 56年
Protobulgarian sign corpus 草原 800–900
Murfatlar inscriptions 草原 850–950
Sogdian inscriptions of the upper Indus ソグド 250–450 (目撃者)
Sogdian Ancient Letters ソグド 313 311 2年
Mount Mugh documents ソグド 710–722 710 0年 (目撃者)
Sogdian inscriptions of the Talas valley ソグド 900–1026 (目撃者)
Priscus ギリシア 434–472 433 1年 (目撃者)
Theophylact Simocatta ギリシア 610 582 28年
Theophanes the Confessor ギリシア 810–814 284 526年 Theophylact Simocatta
Procopius ギリシア 550–559 527 23年
Theophanes of Byzantium ギリシア 581 566 15年
Menander Protector ギリシア 582 557 25年
Nikephoros ギリシア 780–789 602 178年
De administrando imperio ギリシア 948–952
Ammianus Marcellinus ラテン 392 375 17年
Jordanes ラテン 551 370 181年 Priscus, Ammianus Marcellinus
Sebeos アルメニア 655 572 83年
Movsēs Dasxurancʿi アルメニア 900–1000
Ibn Rusta アラビア 290
al-Iṣṭakhrī アラビア 320
aṯ-Ṯaʿālibī アラビア 408
Tabari アラビア 900–930
Ibn Fadlan アラビア 921–922 921 0年 (目撃者)
al-Masʿūdī アラビア 940–949
Marvazī アラビア 1120
Narshakhī, History of Bukhara ペルシア 943 673 270年
Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam ペルシア 982 982 0年
Shahnameh ペルシア 1010
Gardīzī ペルシア 1050
Irk Bitig テュルク 930
Kutadgu Bilig テュルク 1069–1070
Dīvān Lughāt al-Turk テュルク 1073–1077
Tomb of Kang Ye その他 571 571 0年 (目撃者)
John of Ephesus その他 578 571 7年
Tomb of An Jia その他 579 579 0年 (目撃者)
Tomb of Shi Jun その他 580 580 0年 (目撃者)
Tomb of Yu Hong その他 592 592 0年 (目撃者)
Old Tibetan report on the northern kings その他 700–800
The Kievian letter その他 930
The Schechter letter その他 950
The Khazar correspondence その他 954–961
Russian Primary Chronicle その他 1113

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