92 項目

民族

民族名と、名を持つ民。

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中核記事

  • ギョクテュルク 阿史那氏が治めた民の自称で、八世紀のルーン文字の碑文に証される。
  • フン族 370年代にヨーロッパに入り、アッティラのもとでコーカサスからライン川まで支配した遊牧民。その帝国は453年のあとに崩壊した。匈奴との同一性は論じられている。
  • On Oq 十箭。ウチ・トゥグルの五部がスイアブの東に、弩失畢の五部が西にあり、首長はそれぞれ矢を一本もった。西ギョクテュルクは630年以後、これに解体した。
  • Rouran 柔然可汗国の民。552年まで阿史那氏の宗主であった。『魏書』では東胡と鮮卑の出、通常の分類ではパラ・モンゴル系。
  • Uyghurs トクズ・オグズに属する鉄勒の民で、柔然、ついでギョクテュルクに従った。744年に最後のギョクテュルク可汗を倒し、九十六年間オルホンを支配した。
  • Xianbei 一世紀に匈奴から東方草原を奪い、その次の秩序を与えた民。柔然の支配家と北魏の拓跋氏は、彼らから出た。
  • Yenisei Kirghiz エニセイ川上流に住んだ謎の多いテュルク語系の民族で、鉄と金で知られる。大半の時期はギョクテュルク帝国の一部であったが、ウイグル可汗国と、ウテュケンを中心とする支配の天命に終止符を打った。
画像の出典
  • アカツィール: c. 450: The realm of Attila reaches from the Danube into the steppe. The Akatziri stand in two proposed places, north-west of the Black Sea and by the Sea of Azov. Modern map. No source records the frontier. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Avars: 558: The first embassy of the Avars comes through the Alans and Lazica to Constantinople. The Avars then break the Onogurs and destroy the Sabirs. Modern map. The road of the embassy is drawn, and the places of the battles are not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Donghu: Donghu in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • ユーラシアの遊牧民: A herder on horseback with a flock of sheep and goats on the open steppe of Mongolia, photographed in 1909. Finnish Heritage Agency (Museovirasto), General Ethnographic Photo Collection, VKK156:33. Photograph by Sakari Pälsi, 1909. Finna, CC BY 4.0.
  • ギョクテュルク: Göktürks in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Hephthalites: Envoy of the Hua (滑國), as the Liang court called the Hephthalites, carrying a bowl. From “Foreign Visitors Coming to Court”, a copy after a painting ascribed to Emperor Yuan of Liang (r. 552–555); an inscription of the Song emperor Lizong names Gu Deqian of the Southern Tang as the copyist. Handscroll, ink on paper; National Palace Museum, Taipei, 故畫001389N. Copy of Emperor Yuan of Liang’s “Foreign Visitors Coming to Court”, The National Palace Museum, Taipei, CC BY 4.0 @ www.npm.gov.tw.
  • History of the Turkic peoples: Runes of the Tonyukuk stone, the Göktürk realm in 552, the Altai from space, a Scythian gold stag, the empire of Attila in 453 and riders on a Tang bronze mirror. Photographs: G. J. Ramstedt and Sakari Pälsi, Finnish Heritage Agency (CC BY 4.0); NASA, astronaut photograph iss069e071176 (public domain); The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1985.77 (CC0); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 25.20.3 (CC0). Maps: © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • フン族: Huns in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Khitan: Fragment of a Liao-dynasty tomb mural showing a Khitan man and a Khitan boy, from a tomb at Paolou Hill in Lindong, excavated in 1988. Photograph: BabelStone, 2016, CC BY-SA 3.0.
  • Kutrigurs: c. 550: The Kutrigurs live west and the Utigurs east of the Don and the Sea of Azov, the Sabirs and the Onogurs north of the Caucasus. The Kutrigurs raid in 551 and, under Zabergan, reach Constantinople in 558–559. The Avars arrive in 557. Modern map. The roads are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • On Oq: On Oq in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Rouran: Rouran in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Sabirs: 558: The first embassy of the Avars comes through the Alans and Lazica to Constantinople. The Avars then break the Onogurs and destroy the Sabirs. Modern map. The road of the embassy is drawn, and the places of the battles are not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • サラグル: c. 463: The Abares drive out the Sabirs, and the Sabirs drive the Saragurs, Ogurs and Onogurs west. The Saragurs defeat the Akatziri and send an embassy to Constantinople. Later they raid through the Caucasus. Modern map. The arrows are a reconstruction. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • 鉄勒: Tiele in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • ヨーロッパのテュルク系諸部族: One of a pair of gold earrings, Avar work, 550 to 650. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 17.191.4, CC0.
  • Tuyuhun: Envoy of the Tuyuhun, labelled 河南, the name under which the southern histories treat their kingdom. From “Foreign Visitors Coming to Court”, a copy after a painting ascribed to Emperor Yuan of Liang (r. 552–555); an inscription of the Song emperor Lizong names Gu Deqian of the Southern Tang as the copyist. Handscroll, ink on paper; National Palace Museum, Taipei, 故畫001389N. Copy of Emperor Yuan of Liang’s “Foreign Visitors Coming to Court”, The National Palace Museum, Taipei, CC BY 4.0 @ www.npm.gov.tw.
  • Uyghurs: Muqam, a painting of 1984 by the Uyghur painter Ghazi Ehmet: singers and musicians of the Uyghur muqam with long-necked lutes, fiddles, a dulcimer, frame drums and flutes. It shows the Uyghurs of the twentieth century, eleven centuries after the dispersal of 840. Painting: Ghazi Ehmet, 1984.
  • Xianbei: Xianbei in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Yenisei Kirghiz: Yenisei Kirghiz in a modern illustration. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

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