Türk Atlası

Authority on Turkic History

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290 madde

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Görsel kaynakları
  • Afrasiyab: Afrasiab on the throne of Iran, which he took after killing Nowzar. A page of the Shahnameh made for Shah Tahmasp at Tabriz, about 1525–30, painting attributed to Bashdan Qara. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1970.301.16, gift of Arthur A. Houghton Jr., 1970; detail. Public domain.
  • An Lushan: An Lushan in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Anagui: Anagui in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Anluochen: 554: Anluochen rises against the Northern Qi. The Rouran raid Sizhou, and the Qi emperor pursues them from Jinyang to the Huanggua hill. He takes more than 30,000 of their people. In the south the Western Wei take Jiangling and set Xiao Cha over a Liang dependent on them. Modern map. The roads are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Are Kağan: Are Khan in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Ashina Funian: 679–681: In 679 the Göktürks of the Chanyu protectorate raise Nishufu as khan, and twenty-four prefectures rise with them. Pei Xingjian beats them at Black Mountain in 680, and Nishufu is killed by his own men. Funian, raised next at Xiazhou, surrenders to Pei Xingjian in 681 and is beheaded at Chang'an. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Attila: 453: At Attila's death the Hunnic Empire reaches from the Rhine to the Caspian Sea, and the Gepids and other peoples are subject to the Huns. Thin lines mark Attila's campaigns in Gaul in 451 and in Italy in 452. Modern map; the borders of the realm are approximate, and the site of the Catalaunian Fields is disputed. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bagatur (Modu Chanyu): Bagatur in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bağa Kağan: 587–588: Ishbara dies, and Bagha succeeds him in the east. Bagha marches west and takes Apa alive; Niri leads Apa's following. In 588 Bagha falls and Tulan succeeds, while the west is at war with Persia. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the divisions within the khaganate are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bahram Chobin: 589: Bahram Chobin retakes Herat and crosses the Oxus to Paikent; Parmūdha and the treasure are sent to Ctesiphon. In the same year the Sui take the Chen and unite China. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the divisions of the khaganate are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bayanchur Khan: Bayanchur Khan in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bilge Kağan: Bilge Khan in a modern drawing. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Bumin Kağan: Bumin Khan in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Chounu Khan: 516: The Rouran khan Chounu marches west, defeats the Gaoche and takes and kills their king Mi'etu. The Ashina in the Altai are subject to the Rouran. Modern map; the road is drawn, the site of the battle is not recorded, and the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Dengizik: 466–469: Dengizich marches against Bassiana. Ernak stands in two proposed places, at the mouth of the Tisza and in the Dobruja. Emnetzur and Ultzindur hold towns on the Danube. Dengizich falls in 469, and his head is shown in Constantinople. Modern map. The place of his death is not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Duman (Touman): c. 215 BC: The First Emperor of Qin sends Meng Tian north. He takes the Ordos inside the great bend of the Yellow River and makes the river the frontier. The Xiongnu chanyu Duman withdraws to the north; how far, the source does not say. The Donghu hold the east, the Yuezhi the land between Dunhuang and the Qilian mountains; another view places them in the Tian Shan. Modern map; the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • İmparatoriçe Yujiulü: Empress Yujiulü in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Huhanye Chanyu: Huhanye Chanyu in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • İlteriş Kağan: 682: After Funian's defeat Gudulu gathers the fugitives at Zongcai Mountain and Heisha, raids the Nine Oguz and makes himself Ilterish Khan. Ashide Yuanzhen goes over to him. In the tenth month the Göktürks raid Bingzhou, Lanzhou and Dingzhou. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Irbis Shegui Khan: Asia in 650: the Western Göktürk Khaganate under Irbis Shegui Khan reaches from the Tarbagatai to the Oxus, with Sogdia and Tokharistan as dependants. In the east the Tang rule the steppe through the protectorate of Yanran; the Kirghiz and the oasis states of the Tarim pay them tribute, and Anxi sits at Kucha. In the west the Caliphate has taken Iraq and western Iran, and Yazdegerd III holds only Khorasan and Sistan. Modern map; the edges of the khaganate and the protectorates are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • İşbara Kağan: 582–583: In 582 the Göktürks under Ishbara cross the Long Wall and plunder the Sui frontier from Wuwei to Yan'an. In 583 Ishbara marches from Ötüken to Baidao, is defeated and withdraws, and Apa flees west to Tardush. Modern map; the roads of the raids are drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Issık Kağan: Issik Khan in a modern drawing. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • İstemi: Istemi in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Kutlug Bilge Kül Khan: Kutlug Bilge Kül Khan in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Laoshang Chanyu: Laoshang Chanyu in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Mukan Kağan: Around 560 Istemi advances through Chach into Sogdiana and destroys the Hephthalites in the battle of Bukhara, while Khosrow I takes their lands south of the Oxus as far as Balkh. The Oxus becomes the frontier between the Göktürks and Persia. Modern map; Istemi's route is drawn. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Nishufu Khan: 679–681: In 679 the Göktürks of the Chanyu protectorate raise Nishufu as khan, and twenty-four prefectures rise with them. Pei Xingjian beats them at Black Mountain in 680, and Nishufu is killed by his own men. Funian, raised next at Xiazhou, surrenders to Pei Xingjian in 681 and is beheaded at Chang'an. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Pei Xingjian: 679–681: In 679 the Göktürks of the Chanyu protectorate raise Nishufu as khan, and twenty-four prefectures rise with them. Pei Xingjian beats them at Black Mountain in 680, and Nishufu is killed by his own men. Funian, raised next at Xiazhou, surrenders to Pei Xingjian in 681 and is beheaded at Chang'an. The numbers follow the order of events. Modern map; the roads are drawn, not recorded. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Princess Linhe: Modern copy of the painting above the gate of her tomb: a monster mask between two winged figures. Hebei Museum. Copy: Hebei Museum. Photograph: Gary Todd, 2014, CC0.
  • Shelun Khan: c. 402: Shelun leads the Rouran, whose land reaches from Karashahr to Goguryeo, and raids the frontier of the Northern Wei. In the south the Wei, the Later Qin, the Liang states, the Yan states and the Eastern Jin divide China. Modern map; the borders in the steppe and some borders in China are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tanshihuai: c. 155: Under Tanshihuai the Xianbei hold the old land of the Xiongnu in the Mongolian steppe. The Southern Xiongnu live inside the Han frontier, and the Han govern the oases of the west through the protectorate of the Western Regions. An alternative placement puts Northern Xiongnu north-west of Kangju. Modern map; the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tarduş: The Göktürk realm in 584, when the civil war broke out: Tardush in the west, Töremen Apa in the middle and Ishbara in the east, beside the Sui, the Chen, Sasanian Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. Between the steppe and China stand the wall of the Northern Qi (556) and a frontier zone held by neither side. Modern map; the zones are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Taspar Kağan: The Göktürk Khaganate in 581, the year of Taspar's death, still undivided from the Black Sea to the Khitan, with the court at Ötüken; beside it the Sui, whose rule began that year, the Chen, Sasanian Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. Between the steppe and China stand the wall of the Northern Qi (556) and a frontier zone held by neither side. Modern map; the frontiers are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tong Yabgu: 627: In the west Tong Yabgu's army breaks through Derbent, and before Tiflis Jebu Xak'an meets the emperor Heraclius. In the east the Tiele rise against Ilig Khan, and a great snow kills the herds of his people. Modern map; the borders in the steppe are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tonyukuk: The upper part of the south face of the first Tonyukuk stone in the Nalaikh valley, photographed in June 1909. Photograph: G. J. Ramstedt and Sakari Pälsi, 1909, Finnish Heritage Agency, CC BY 4.0.
  • Töremen Apa: The Göktürk realm in 584, when the civil war broke out: Tardush in the west, Töremen Apa in the middle and Ishbara in the east, beside the Sui, the Chen, Sasanian Persia and the Eastern Roman Empire. Between the steppe and China stand the wall of the Northern Qi (556) and a frontier zone held by neither side. Modern map; the zones are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Tulan Kağan: 587–588: Ishbara dies, and Bagha succeeds him in the east. Bagha marches west and takes Apa alive; Niri leads Apa's following. In 588 Bagha falls and Tulan succeeds, while the west is at war with Persia. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the divisions within the khaganate are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Yami Khan: 597–599: Yami, who has married a Sui princess, is attacked below the Long Wall in 599 by Tulan and Tardush. He flees to the Sui court at Chang'an and is made Qimin Khan, and the Sui give his people pastures in the Ordos. Modern map; the roads are drawn, and the divisions within the khaganate are approximate. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026
  • Zhizhi Chanyu: Zhizhi Chanyu in a modern portrait. © Emre-E Yavuz 2026

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